February is American Heart Month, and it’s a great time to learn about atrial fibrillation, or AFib, a condition that affects millions of people each year. AFib is the most common type of heart arrhythmia, and it can increase the risk of stroke by five times and double the risk of heart-related deaths. Unfortunately, many people don’t even know they have it because AFib often doesn’t show any symptoms.
Currently, between 2.7 million and 6.1 million people in the United States are living with AFib, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that this number will rise to 12.1 million by 2030. That’s why it’s so important to recognize the signs of AFib — for yourself and your loved ones. Early detection can make all the difference.
Recognizing the Symptoms of AFib
Not everyone with AFib has obvious symptoms. In fact, some people only discover they have the condition during routine screenings. However, if symptoms do appear, they can include an irregular or rapid heartbeat, lightheadedness or dizziness, shortness of breath, confusion, extreme fatigue and chest discomfort. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a health care provider for further evaluation.
Understanding the Different Types of AFib
AFib comes in several patterns, each of which can require different approaches for treatment. Paroxysmal AFib occurs in episodes, starting and stopping on its own. Persistent AFib lasts longer than a week and typically needs medication or cardioversion (a procedure to reset the heart’s rhythm). Long-standing persistent AFib lasts more than a year without interruption. Lastly, permanent AFib is continuous, and treatment focuses on controlling the heart rate rather than attempting to restore normal rhythm.
What Causes AFib and Who Is at Risk?
Several factors contribute to AFib, including aging and stress on the heart. Certain conditions increase the risk of developing AFib, including obesity, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease and diabetes. Family history can also play a role. Lifestyle choices, such as smoking, excessive alcohol use and high stress can also increase the risk.
Treatment and Prevention: Keeping Your Heart Healthy
While AFib cannot always be prevented, there are several ways to keep your heart healthy and reduce the likelihood of developing it. Lifestyle changes, including maintaining a healthy weight, keeping alcohol intake at low levels (none or under one drink per day), treating sleep apnea, managing blood pressure, staying active and avoiding smoking can significantly reduce your risk.
For those diagnosed with AFib, treatments may include blood thinners to reduce stroke risk, medications to control symptoms and procedures like catheter ablation or cardioversion to restore normal rhythm. If you suspect you may be experiencing AFib, it’s important to speak to your doctor.
This February, in recognition of American Heart Month, take the time to care for your heart and encourage your loved ones to do the same.
Dr. Anthony Magnano is a Ponte Vedra resident and cardiologist at Ascension St. Vincent’s Riverside. For more information on Dr. Magnano and his specialty treating atrial fibrillation, visit Healthcare.ascension.org.
