Vision loss is often gradual, and for many adults over 60, it may go unnoticed until daily life is affected. Age-related conditions like macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataracts are common causes of severe vision decline and even blindness — but regular eye exams can help detect these diseases early, when treatment is most effective. The American Academy of Ophthalmology reports that nearly two-thirds of adults in the U.S. don’t realize how quickly vision loss can occur, reinforcing the importance of routine checkups as we age.
Macular Degeneration: Leading Cause of Age-Related Vision Loss
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) impacts the central part of the retina, affecting sharp, detailed vision. It’s the most frequent cause of vision loss in older adults. The National Eye Institute estimates that the number of Americans with AMD will rise to nearly 5 million by 2050.
Symptoms may include blurred vision, dark or empty spots in your central vision and difficulty seeing in dim lighting. There are two types of AMD: dry and wet. While dry AMD progresses slowly, wet AMD can lead to sudden, severe vision loss. Treatment options — like anti-VEGF eye injections — can slow the progression of wet AMD, but early diagnosis is key. Staying consistent with treatment is critical to preserving the vision you still have.
Glaucoma: The Silent Thief of Sight
Glaucoma develops without obvious symptoms in its early stages. It damages the optic nerve, which is responsible for sending visual signals from the eye to the brain. Over time, this damage can lead to permanent vision loss, often before patients notice any changes. According to the CDC, about half of the people with glaucoma don’t know they have it.
Prescription eye drops are often effective in lowering eye pressure. In more advanced cases, laser treatment or surgery may be recommended. Because glaucoma is a chronic condition, regular monitoring and ongoing care from an ophthalmologist are essential.
Cataracts: Treatable With Today’s Advanced Technology
Cataracts form as the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy with age. Most people begin developing cataracts in their 50s or 60s, and symptoms like blurry vision, glare and faded colors can make daily activities more difficult over time.
Fortunately, cataract surgery is a safe and effective solution. Today’s procedures use advanced laser-assisted techniques that offer greater precision and faster recovery. Patients can also choose from a variety of intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed to improve vision at different distances, potentially reducing the need for glasses after surgery.
The Importance of Annual Exams
Vision changes can be subtle, and many eye diseases progress without pain or obvious symptoms. Annual eye exams allow your doctor to identify concerns early and begin treatment before irreversible damage occurs.
Even if you aren’t noticing problems now, proactive care can protect your independence and quality of life in the years ahead. Modern technology gives us more tools than ever before to detect, monitor and manage vision changes, but it all starts with a visit to your ophthalmologist.
Dr. McGregor N. Lott, M.D., is an ophthalmologist at Florida Eye Specialists. For more information on Dr. Lott, go to FloridaEyeSpecialists.com or call (904) 564-2020.
